History Of Computer
♢ Abacus (500BC)
Abacus is also known as Counting Frame. It was invented in china, 1300 bc. It is used for calculating arithmetical operations. This is a hand-held device made of a rectangular wooden object that consists of several rows and movable beads with metal rods that represent a number. The rods correspond to positions of the digits while the beads correspond to the digits. The exact origin of the abacus is still known. It is still used in some countries such as China, Africa, and Russia.
♢ Napiers Bone (2500BC)
Napier's bones are a calculating machine. It was invented by John Napiers (1550 - 1617). This consists of small rods with appropriate markings on them. It is a mechanical aid to computation that consists of nine such rods (called bones) with one for each digit 1 through 9. He also invented logarithms which made it possible to do division and multiplication by performing addition and subtraction.
♢ Slide Rule
Side Ruleis developed by William Oughtred (1575 - 660). It is an analog computer that is used for calculating the multiplication and division of numbers. He invented it in 1622 but announced it in 1632 this consists of rules on which markings represent logarithms of numbers and also permits calculation involving exponents, trigonometric functions, etc.
♢ Pascal Mechanical Calculator (1600)
It is also known as the Numerical wheel calculator or pascaline and it was developed by Blaise Pascal in 1642. it considered the first mechanical calculator or machine. The brass rectangular box used eight moveable dials to add and sum up eight figures long using base 10. It can perform all four arithmetic operations with previous unheard speed. It calculates numbers directly by adding and subtracting them Blaise pascal made this device to help his father for calculating tax and reduce workload.
♢ Stepped Reckoner (1600)
Stepped Reckoner also known as Leibnitz mechanical multiplier and invented by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in 1650 to 1700. It is the first calculating machine that can perform all arithmetic operations. it processes by twists with crank and cogs of different sizes from 0 to 9. Adding and subtracting depends on the direction of movement. In 1694 Gottfried Wilhelm Von Leibnitz improved upon the pascaline by creating a machine that can also multiply using a system of dials and gear.
♢ Colmar Calculator
Colmar Calculator is also called an arithmometer. It was developed byThomas De Colmar, in 1820. This presented a more practical approach to computing. It was the first digital mechanical calculator that can perform all arithmetic operations (such as - addition, subtraction, multiplication, division). It can add & subtract two numbers directly. It also performs long multiplication and division. It is well built and reliable for daily uses.
♢ Punched-Card Machine
It was invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard in 1801. Punched Card Machine is a piece of paper where holes represent digital data and these holes on paper made by machine or hand. The paper was inputted into a computer and it converts holes into digital information.
♢ Mechanical Computer
Charles Babbage (1792-1871) Father of the computer. Difference engine powered by steam and large as locomotive the machine has a stored program and could perform calculations and print the result automatically. We also have an Analytical enginecredited to him.
♢ Mark 1
MARK 1 is also known as IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled calculator. It was designed and developed by IBM (International Business Machines) in 1944. It was an electronic-mechanical computer that holds room to store mark I computer.
♢ Tabulating Machine (1860-1929)
Tabulating Machine is also known as Hollerith Tabulating Machine. It was originally developed byHERMAN HOLLERITHin 1890. It is used as a business application like accounting and inventory management.
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